Experimental Determination of the Dose of Energy Received by Seed Material After Irradiation by Electric Field

Introduction. Maximum use of potential biological potential of seed material is among the ways to increase the production and to improve the quality of agricultural products. In view of the above, various methods of preseeding treatment of seeds of agricultural crops by means of electromagnetic fields are used. At the same time there is insufficient clarity of reproducibility of the results of radiation.
Problem Statement. However, the conventional methods for determining germination capacity require a wide range of equipment and materials and are time-consuming. Therefore, the search for new methods of pre-seeding treatment and the development of rapid calorimetric methods are promising directions of research.
Purpose. To study the effect of irradiation on seed material, by calorimetric methods.
Materials and Methods. To determine the caloric value of seed material, two batches of Scarlet barley seeds are taken, one of which is irradiated with an electric field. The caloric value of the grain has been determined using the calorimetric device B-08M, according to DSTU ISO 1928:2006.
Results. The results of quantitative indicators of temperature change of the irradiated and reference batch of barley grain have been presented in a graphical form to visualize the effect of irradiation. The analysis of results has shown that the non-irradiated seeds have a germination capacity of 82%, while for the irradiated seeds this index is equal to 88%. Respectively, their caloric value is 10 842 kJ/kg and 11 985 kJ/kg, i.e. differs by 10.5%. An experimental dependence has been established that to increase germination by 1% it is necessary to increase the caloric value of seed mass by approximately 1.83%.
Conclusions. A 10-11% increase in the caloric value of the seeds after irradiation indicates that the irradiation process is realized. The use of calorimetry methods can be recommended as a seed material irradiation quality control method.

1. Berezin, O. V. (2010). Effective functioning of agricultural production. Economy of agrarian and industrial complex, 2, 26–31[in Ukrainian].
2. Adamen, F. (1997). State and trends of seed development in Ukraine. International agricultural Journal, 2, 49–50 [in Russian].
3. Andreychuk, V. K., Rednev, A. E., Potapenko, I. A. (2000). Electrophysical methods of presowing seed treatment of various agricultural crops. Application of electrical devices in the agroindustrial complex. Proceedings of KSAU, 381(409), 74–78 [in Russian].
4. Andreev, S. A. (1987). Installation for microwave treatment of seeds. (Candidate dissertation). Proquest Dissertation and Theses. Moscow [in Russian]. 
5. Bereka, A. M. (2010). Processing of seeds of agricultural crops in the electric field of high voltage. (PhD) (Teсhniс.). Kiev [in Ukrainian].
6. Usenko, S. M. (2013). Disinfecting grain processing in an electrotechnical complex under the influence of an electric field of high tension. (Candidate dissertation). Proquest Dissertation and Theses. Kiev [in Ukrainian].
7. Petrovsky, A. M. (2013). Technology of front-loading stimulation with a high-frequency electromagnetic field. Eastern European Journal of Advanced Technology. 6/5(66), 45–50 [in Ukrainian].
8. Nizharadze, T. S. (2016). Theoretical substantiation of the application of physical methods of presowing seed treatment in the protection of grain cereals from diseases. (Phd) (Teсhniс.). Samara [in Russian].
9. Mrachkovskaya, A. N. (2009). Influence of a weak electric current on seed quality of seeds and productivity of spring wheat. (Candidate dissertation). Proquest Dissertation and Theses. Kurhan [in Russian]. 
10. Rubtsova, E. I., Khnykina, A. G. (2009). The effect of a pulsed electric field on the energy of germination of soybean seeds. Mechanization and electrification of agriculture, 12, 26–27 [in Russian].
11. Statsyuk, N. V., Takur, K., Smetanina, T. I., Kuznetsova, M. A. (2016). Reaction of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) of different varieties to the preplant treatment of tubers by a pulsed low-frequency electric field. Agricultural Biology, Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya biologiya, 3, 360–366. doi: 10.15389 / agrobiology.2016.3.360rus [in Russian].
https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2016.3.360eng
12. Aladjadjiyan, A. (2007). The use of physical methods for plant growth stimulation in Bulgaria. Journal of Central European Agriculture. V. 8, 4, 369–380.
13. Aladjadjiyan, A. (2018) Use of physical factors as an alternative to chemical amelioration. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 4(1), 662–667.
14. Cakmak, T., Dumlupinar, R., Erdal, S. (2010). Acceleration of germination and early growth of wheat and bean seedlings grown under various magnetic field and osmotic conditions. Bioelectromagnetics, 31, 32, 120-129.
https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.20537
15. Pietruszewski, S., Martínez, E. (2015). Magnetic field as a method of improving the quality of sowing material: a review. International Agrophysics. 29(3), 377-389.
https://doi.org/10.1515/intag-2015-0044
16. Marks, N., Szecówka, P. S. (2010). Impact of the variable magnetic field. Int. Agrophys. 24, 165–170.
17. Pietruszewski, S., Kania, K. (2010). Effect of the magnetic field on germination and yield of wheat. International Agrophysics, 24, 297–302.
18. Yinan, Y., Yuanc, L., Yongqing, Y., Chunyang, L., (2005). Effect of seed pretreatment by magnetic field on the sensitivity of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings to ultraviolet-B radiation. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 54(3), 286-294.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.09.006
19. Martinez, E., Carbonell, M. V., Florez, M. (2002). Magnetic biostimulation of the initial growth stages of wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.). Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 21(1), 43-53.
https://doi.org/10.1081/JBC-120003110
20. GOST 12038-84 (2000). Seeds of agricultural crops. Methods for determining germination. Moscow [in Russian].
21. Belyakov, M. V. (2017). Optical luminescent analyzer germination of plant seeds. Innovations in agriculture, 2(23), 2–11 [in Russian].
22. Adamtsevich, A. O., Pashkevich, S. A., Pustovgar, A. P. (2013). Use of calorimetry to predict the growth of strength of cement systems of accelerated hardening. Engineering and Construction Journal, 3, 36–42 [in Russian].
https://doi.org/10.5862/MCE.38.5
23. Fomina, N. N., Kebedov, M. B. (2016). Application of calorimetry methods in the study of portland cement hydration. Technical regulation in transport construction, 1, 26–28 [in Russian].
24. Fedotov, V. A., Ochirov, V. D. (2017). Study of the bioenergetic potential of wheat seeds. Innovations in agriculture, 3(24), 239–242 [in Russian].
25. GOST 147-95 (ISO 1928-76). Solid mineral fuel. Determination of the highest calorific value and calculation of the net calorific value. Moscow [in Russian].
26. Shcherbakov, V. K. (1985). Methodical instructions to the laboratory work "Determination of the heat of combustion of solid fuel". Kiev [in Russian].
27. Vasilenkov, V. E., Gudzenko, M. N. (2015). Methodical approach and software in the analysis and processing of data obtained in calorimetric studies. Vestnik VIESKH, 4(21), 79–84.
28. Askochenskaya, N. A. (1979). Water regime in resting seeds. Biochemical and physiological studies of seeds, 1(4), 94–104.
29. Shvets, I.T., Golubinsky, V.I. (1963). General heat engineering. Kiev [in Russian].